As with any surgery, there are operative and long-term complications and risks associated with gastric bypass including:
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Bleeding (hemorrhage)
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Complications due to anesthesia and medications
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Deep vein thrombosis
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Dehiscence (wound breakdown)
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Infections
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Leaks from staple line breakdown
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Marginal ulcers
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Pulmonary emboli (blood clots on the lung)
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Injury to the spleen
However, in experienced hands the risks of gastric bypass procedures nowadays are very small.
It is also important to note that not only does a gastric bypass operation result in reduced absorption of calories, it may also reduce absorption of important vitamins and minerals such as iron, vitamin B-12 and calcium. Deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to problems. Iron deficiency causes anaemia and weakness and deficiencies in calcium can cause osteoporosis. Lack of daily B-12 can lead to neurological problems. This is why we recommend that patients undergoing gastric bypass should take a daily vitamin and mineral supplement.
"Dumping syndrome," in which the consumption of sugar causes abdominal cramping and diarrhoea, can also occur. Some people will also regain some weight in subsequent years.
A word of caution
Although there is no doubt that a gastric bypass operation can be both life-transforming and life-saving, the decision to go ahead with surgery is a serious one. Any general anaesthetic involves a measure of risk and individuals with serious degrees of obesity are at greater risk than their non-obese counterparts. You should ensure that the gastric bypass surgeon you choose is experienced and that the full panoply of specialist advice is available at the hospital you choose.
The choice of gastric bypass surgeon is crucial. This is not a procedure for the general surgeon. It should only be carried out by those who are specially trained in obesity surgery.
The need for long-term follow up
A final note of caution is to remember that gastric bypass surgery is not a cure for obesity. It is not a magic bullet, and will not guarantee results without complete dedication by yourself and by your physician. If you are going to be successful you will have to continue to work on the behaviours which are important for anyone attempting to lose weight, including physical activity, reducing portion sizes, avoiding energy-dense foods etc. For this reason, you should ensure the hospital of your choice has available a structured, long-term behavioural and lifestyle programme, with nutritional support, which you should join immediately after surgery.
